Saturday, November 30, 2019

Organisational Learning against Learning Organisation

Introduction Different scholars have proposed a variety of definitions of organisational learning. As one scholar defined it, organisational learning is the process of improving actions through better knowledge and understanding (Garvin, p. 77).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Learning against Learning Organisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It may also be regarded as a process of detecting and correcting error. A learning organization is, therefore, an organisation that is skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge (Argyris, p.8). According to Argyris (1977), it is also an organisation that is good at modifying its own behavior in order to â€Å"reflect new knowledge and insights that make it grow into the future†. This paper provides a comparative analysis and evaluation of organisational learning by looking at two different organisations. One is the organisation wher e I work and the other is HP. Assessing the Need For several years now, my organisation has placed so much emphasis on the need for all staff members to keep learning and upgrading themselves. As a result, so much energy has been spent trying to organisation information in a way that makes it easy for everyone to access it. Part of what my organisation has done to facilitate the culture of learning is to ensure that as people do their work they get to deposit any critical information in a central database that may be used by any staff member willing to do so to learn and benefit from the skills of more skilled staff members.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To a great extent, this has made it possible to maintain crucial information and make it available for other staff whenever an employee leaves the organisation. HP came to realise the need for knowledge management in 1995 (Hewlett Packard, p.4). Clearly, the leadership at HP understood the importance of knowledge management and knew that it was possible to leverage on the knowledge the organisation had gathered over the years. To meet the ever demanding expectations of customers, HP management understood that effective knowledge management is an important requirement to ensuring that the organisation can progress successfully. This created a healthy ground for the organisation to develop strong ties with its clients who knew that at any time when they were faced by challenges, HP would be there to deal with their problems (Hewlett Packard, p.4). However, this did not make sense to many of HP’s consultants. In the same way, clients could not at first understand the need for knowledge management as they all felt that they were getting for value for their money and as such, were satisfied with the services that HP was offering. Through different approaches, HP was able to get feedback from both i ts consultants and clients. Although there were mixed feelings regarding the need for knowledge management for the good of the organisation, an analysis by the company resolved to move on with plans to ensure that knowledge was managed well to provide a good background for organisational learning. Building Blocks Organisations that focused on learning are apparently skilled at five activities. These activities include systematic problem solving, experimentation with new approaches, learning from their own experience and past history, learning from the experiences and best practices of others, and transferring knowledge quickly and efficiently throughout the organisation (Garvin, p. 81).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Learning against Learning Organisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For many companies, these are activities that are commonly practiced. Creating systems and processes that supp ort these activities have been found to add great value to the operations of the organisation. In the following paragraphs, my organisation is compared with HP in light of the five activities that have been mentioned above. In my organisation, problems are dealt with in a very unique way. There are systems that have been structured to facilitate the process of problem reporting and solving. At any time, when a user encounters a problem, he or she is expected to log the problem and record the necessary details that may aid during problem solving. When the right person to address the problem arrives, he or she will go through the logged problems, solving them where possible (Stata, p. 4). Once a problem has been solved, the solution is document and other accompanying details such as the date when the problem was solved, are also included. HP on the other hand, relies heavily on scientific methods rather than guesses on what should be done in different cases. The underlying objective i s, however, the same for both organisations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More My company works hard to innovate and benefits tremendously from having a team of talented staff who also happen to be quite inquisitive and are never afraid to try out new things. Through various innovations, the company has been able to survive in the face of stiff competition that characterises today global market. When the company innovates, a lot of documentation is done to accompany the innovation and to ensure that critical information regarding important discoveries is not lost. This creates a foundation for all employees, whether new or existing to learn. Through its research department, HP is always trying out new things with the intention of either coming up with new products or improving the existence products. It is always important and beneficial for companies to evaluate themselves to determine which direction they are moving towards. On many occasions, companies have grown out of evaluating themselves and making changes based on past experiences. With relevant inform ation at hand, an organisation can make informed decisions that will move the organisation forward. Time and again, the management at my company meets to review progress from time to time and based on the outcome of the evaluation, make recommendations to make changes in the company which may include hiring new staff, restructuring operations and intensifying marketing campaigns. Apparently, HP also uses this approach and the company is keen to learn from its own successes and failures. Learning what worked and what did not work and improving operations on this basis happens to be an essential process for HP (Hewlett Packard, p. 6). Once a project comes to an end, the team that was involved in it is presented with an opportunity to share with the rest of the team what they went through. It is through such forums that successes are highlighted and failures also noted. It is important for one to understand that these forums are never created to criticise any one incase a project did n ot meet the expectation of the key stake holders. Another very useful strategy is to learn from others. It is true that companies can learn from best practices of other companies to determine where to make changes in order to improve its own operations. My company has strong partnerships with other companies operating in the same industry and from time to time, employees from the different companies meet at different forums (Levitt March, p. 7). During such meetings, ideas are exchanged and staff members from different organisations get an opportunity to learn from one another. In its operations, however, HP does not seem to employ this strategy. Transferring knowledge makes it possible to spread the culture of learning throughout the entire organisation. This ensures that learning goes beyond just being a local affair. This is an approach that is also used by HP. Information gathered from one project is made available and may be used in other projects. This ensures that subsequent projects are delivered to very high standards as most of the information will already be available. Conclusion From the discussion presented in this paper, it is obvious that learning should be an ongoing activity in any organisation that desires to grow. By presenting employees with the opportunity to learn, an organisation will be assured of improved efficiency. Improved performance, on the other hand, will serve as a good means of attracting clients. A learning organisation is able to win provide its clients with high quality services and in the end the confidence of clients is boosted. A common mistake that most businesses fail to do is to treat customers well and to retain them. Whenever customers are happy, they the company can be assured of getting repeat business from these customers. Where an organisation is not consistently involved in learning, however, there is a danger that it will not fail to meet the expectations of the customers and when this happens, the company ri sks losing valuable customers. It is, therefore, important to ensure that an organisation is not left behind for whatever reason. References Argyris, C 1977, Double Loop Learning in Organizations, Harvard Business Review, September-October 1977. Garvin, DA 1993, Building a Learning Organization, Harvard Business Review, July-August 1993, 78-91. Hewlett Packard n.d., An Organizational Wide Program to Share Knowledge between Projects, to Learn from Success and Mistakes and to Capture Reusable Material from Engagements, Hewlett Packard, Bristol, UK. Levitt, B and March, J 1988, Organizational Learning, American Review of Sociology, vol. 14, 1988. Stata, R 1989, Organizational Learning-The Key to Management Innovation, Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989. This essay on Organisational Learning against Learning Organisation was written and submitted by user Keira Reid to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Health Care Economics Essays

Health Care Economics Essays Health Care Economics Paper Health Care Economics Paper Almost all current factors influencing health care, such as, increasing medical care service demand, pharmaceutical prices, medical care organizations’ competition and medical care experts’ remuneration,   involve economics. Absence of comprehension regarding fundamental economic standards leads to erroneous decision-making by making persons develop opinions on the basis of feelings and feelings as opposed to logical economic standards (Schafermeyer, 2000). The health care structure in America to some extent represents the principles, aims, and beliefs found in free-market industrialist financial systems governed by contention. Physicians’ competition occurs locally for principal care doctors and amongst specialists on broader geographical extents. Medical doctors and associated practitioners also do compete, for instance, between optometrists and ophthalmologists as well as between psychologists and psychiatrists. Administered care arrangements depict lesser medical care service (tests and hospitals) utilization. Physician conduct is one factor affecting medical care and thus competition as well occurs in location, professional conduct plus waiting duration. The conduct of big urban plastic surgeons, for instance is significantly different compared to country pediatricians’. Therefore, demeanor is linked with health care options, costs, payments, and services. Demeanor is as well linked to state public medical care funding and physician education (Fisher, 2006). The economic law that states that a demand curve slopes downwards is probably the most fundamental of economic principles. It implies that demanded quantity decreases with increasing commodity prices. Demand curves have commodity prices on the perpendicular axes, commodity quantities on horizontal axes, and negatively inclined lines illustrating the relationship between the two entities. Other factors influence commodity demand with Income being probably the most apparent factor in general. Regarding health care, another key aspect is persons’ health condition. Reduced health Care is demanded when health conditions improve. Elevated revenue moves demand curves away from the origins for normal commodities, and reverses to the origins for inferior commodities. Improved health moves demand curves back inwards (Fisher, 2006). Reports regarding a vicious fresh influenza will lead to increased flu medication demand, thus making demand curves shift outwards. This implies that increased flu medication is needed compared to previous figures for every price. Flu medication demand also demonstrates seasonal patterns by moving outwards with the approach of fu periods. Alternatively, many health services’ demand curves sift outwards with Age. Outward demand curve movement implies that, for whatever price stage, there is increased demand following shifts as compared to demand levels at such prices prior to the movement. Demand curves shift as a   reaction to entities different from price, or, as a reaction to factors influencing demand that are not explicitly represented on a single of the graph axes. Such movement is referred to as demand change. Following price change, movement is made from a single demand curve point to a different same curve point. This implies movement happens the length of such curve, however, the curve position, in relation to axes, remains constant. Such an alteration is called demanded quantity change. Therefore, price changes leads to demanded quantity changes and changes in other factors, causing demand curve shifts, leads to demand alteration. Learning the behavior of demand when one decisive factor is altered is vital. Elasticity is a standard responsiveness measure. Commodity price demand elasticity is calculated as a proportional alteration in demanded quantity divided by the proportional price alteration that led to the demanded quantity modification. Since demanded quantity and price are always inversely proportional, own-price demand elasticity always is negative. A minus (-) 3 elasticity implies that a 1% price elevation leads to a 3% demanded quantity reduction (Greenberg, 2002). Demand is regarded as being elastic when own-price demand elasticity is bigger than 1 in total values. Alternatively, when own-price demand elasticity is smaller than 1 in complete value, such demand is regarded as being inelastic. With demand elasticity amounting to minus (-) 1, such demand curves are said to depict unit elasticity. Linear demand curves, having constant curve slopes, have elasticity changing with movement along the demand curves. With extremely low prices, demand becomes inelastic; high prices depict elastic demand. Starting with extremely reduced prices, thus large demanded quantities, and raising such prices, shifting upwards and towards the left along demand curves, demand elasticity progressively shifts from inelastic towards elastic, intersecting at the curve midpoint. Such point’ demand elasticity becomes unitary (Ferguson, 2002). Calculated commodity demand elasticity thus depends on the prices where such calculation was done. High prices lead to increased demand elasticity, although commodity nature remains constant. However, Consumer reactions to price alteration do change; increasing prices makes consumers increasingly responsive to additional alterations. Demand elasticity also influences commodity nature. General doctors’ services demand is very elastic (approximately -0.2) in America. Demand for a specific doctor’s services is much more, (approximately -3.0). The disparity arises due to the fact that for particular physician services, generally additional alternative supply sources are available, as compared to general physician services. Visit demand generally is quite inelastic, however specific physician’s visit demand is somewhat extra elastic owing to presence of different supply sources like walk-in hospitals and crisis rooms (Fisher, 2006). User charges imposed on every office-category visits have comparatively little influence on demanded quantity, however, charges imposed on office-category visits to crisis rooms have greatly bigger influence as regards minimizing demanded quantity since3 it prompts persons to adjust from looking for assistance at crisis rooms and seek such from different sources.

Friday, November 22, 2019

BORDER DISPUTES BETWEEN NICARAGUA AND COSTA RICA

BORDER DISPUTES BETWEEN NICARAGUA AND COSTA RICA Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . BORDER DISPUTES BETWEEN NICARAGUA AND COSTA RICA The case deals with boundary disputes, it is therefore essential to list treaties which deal with boundary disputes and it is also important for the court to interpret the provisions of a treaty in the present case and this can only be done in terms of customary international law on the subject matter as reflected in Articles 31 and 32 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties because it has various means of developing peaceful cooperation among nations regardless of their constitutional and social systems. Article 2(1) of the Vienna Convention[1969] established the definition of a treaty; it went ahead to state that â€Å"treaty† means an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation; LIST OF TREATIES ON BOUNDARY DISPUTES Boundary Waters Treaty   [ 1 ]   (Treaty Between the United States and Great Britain Relating to Boundary Waters between the United States and Canada; 36 Stat. 2448; T.S. 548) — The treaty was signed in Washington, D.C.on January 11, 1909, The purpose of this treaty is to prevent disputes regarding the use of boundary waters and settle all questions pending or that may arise between the United States and Canada involving the rights, obligations, and interests of both nations along their common frontier. The treaty establishes the International Joint Commission, with three members appointed by each country, to review and make recommendations on disputes and other issues involving U.S./Canada boundary waters. The Treaty of Asurar   [ 2 ]   Ali- This treaty was signed on February of 1639 between the Mughal commander Allah Yar Khan and the Ahom commander Momai Tamuli Borbarua, According to the treaty, the boundary between the Mughals and Ahoms was fixed on the Barnadi River in the northern bank [ utarkul] of the Brahmaputra River and the Asurar Ali [Ali is causeway in Assamese] in the southern bank [dakhinkul]. The Ahom king recognized the supremacy of the Mughals in Kamrup, and the Mughal fauzdar agreed not to interfere in the Ahom kingdom. Trade and commerce between the two regions was permitted afterwards. The Treaty of Tartu   [ 3 ]   -This treaty was made between Finland and Soviet Russia was signed on 14 October 1920 after negotiations that lasted for four months. The treaty confirmed the border between Finland and Soviet Russia after the Finnish civil war and Finnish volunteer expeditions in Russian East Karelia. Ratifications of the treaty were exchanged in Moscow on December 31, 1920. The treaty was registered in the League of Nations Treaty Series on March 5, 1921. HISTORY PROCEEDINGS ON THE CASE CANAZ TREATY(1858) The border between the Costa Ricans and Nicaraguans is defined by the course of the San Juan River which flows to the east and the Caribbean. The bo rder was established in 1858 by the Canas-Jerez Treaty, negotiated between Costa Rica and Nicaragua at the conclusion of a military conflict which finally ended the possibility of a trade route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in this region of Central America. According to the terms of the treaty the south bank represents the start of Costa Rican territory; however Nicaragua maintains sovereignty over the river itself. Costa Rica has the right to navigation for commerce.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Resourcing Talent - R-PartB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Resourcing Talent - R-PartB - Assignment Example Diversity in an organization enables the organization to have the base of its employees made up of different people bringing together divergent views and ideas. The divergent workforce includes various generations of workforce including generation X, Generation Y and Baby Boomers. Generation X is attracted into the organization through creating a conducive environment that enables them to develop more on their skills and also learn. They are also lured by job positions that provide for independence, proper communication ad for individual potential improvement. Generation Y gives much weight to the benefits of the job as opposed to the salary and can be attracted via by upgrading the organizations offices with the modern and ergo-friendly furniture which would make the generation feel to be working in a healthy environment. Increases creativity as the employees come with a variety of remedies to help the organization soar to greater heights. The more the diverse ideas in an organization the higher the chances of solving a problem in the best way as everyone will be brainstorming to produce his/her best. Divergent language skills. An organization with employees from the different backgrounds enjoys a wider market due to the competency in communication using the various languages. This increases the geographical market coverage of the organization to as far as being a global market. Increases productivity as the employees will offer technical advice to the employer on how to best serve the clients using the newly introduced ideas .Diversity increases the employee’s morale boosting their efficiency. Diversity helps in building on the image of the organization as it indicates that the organization is not discriminatory in offering job opportunities enabling such firms to attract more employees with new talents as they retain the already existing ones. To achieve diversity in the attraction of senior managers, high potential

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Philosophie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophie - Essay Example The second part, on the other hand, will compare some important concepts that have been forwarded by each of them in order to underscore some important lessons. The last part will conclude this paper by stating the relevance of each of their views in the subsequent studies on the philosophy of the mind—how their analyses guided various schools of thought pertaining to metaphysica and the mind-body problem (philosophies of St. Thomas Aquinas, Rene Descartes, and Martin Heiddeger). To Plato, the physical world is nothing but an immitation of a perfect world, as stated clearly in the article entitled "Plato Overview" (Clark 1). Physical objects are construed as beings lacking the state of perfection. In this regard, the humans’ acquisition of sensible experiences gives them what Plato called ’opinions or beliefs’ (Clark 2). Such position, as reinforced in an academic paper entitled "Temporal Platonic Metaphysics," is based on the assumption that: (1) physical objects can only be regarded as imperfect versions of their perfect counterparts and (2) humans’ senses can only grasp these imperfect characteristics of physical objects (Mikovic 1). Following this reasoning and connecting this to his position on the nature of the human mind, Plato then recognized the need to transcend physicality as he regarded humans as more spiritual than physical. In Plato’s renowned metaphor, humans are souls trapped in physical bodies. Such conception of the state of ’being trapped’ is both revolutionary and developmental—revolutionary because it introduced the concept of non-materiality as another facet of humanity, and developmental because it highlighted the proper way through which the spiritual or ideal state of objects could be grasped. While humans gain sensible experiences through the physical contact with physical objects (as mediated by the five senses), such occurrence is made possible by the author and governor of the visible world of appearances called

Saturday, November 16, 2019

The Cause of WWI Essay Example for Free

The Cause of WWI Essay WWI started in 1914 and ended in 1918. WWI was known as the Great war before WW2 happened as it was supposed to be the war to end all wars. Also the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand has been blamed as the catalyst for WWI (Spielvogel Book). The major players in WWI were the Triple Entente- Britain, France, Russia and the Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy. The reason for the assassination was because of Nationalism, Militarism and the Alliance that played the biggest part. Learning about WWI helps us understand todays conflicts because for example the geographic lines that were drawn after WWI in the middle east is a huge driver of modern conflicts with the fall of the Ottoman empire and Persia, plus there is a lot of more facts that would help us understand more. Nationalism is a force that can be positive, together a nations people, or negative, from national pride resulting in negative conflicts (Norman 571). Sadly in this case, nationalism was a negative act that played a part in ass the assassination. National tensions had risen so high that even the slightest wrong doing of a nations rights by another might be considered a cause for war. Serbians wanted to expand the size of their country to include places outside Serbia that had ethnic Serbian populations living in them, what they want is a bigger country they will call Greater Serbia this will include places like Croatia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Montenegro, and would mean taking chunks out of other neighboring countries like Romania. They want all the Serbian people to live together in one country, but they dont want these people to move to the current Serbia they want Serbia to take over the countries that these people live in. Now the way nationalism played a role in the assassination is because if the Serb terrorists had not killed Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand, Austria would have never declared war on Serbia. The reason why the Serb terrorists killed Franz Ferdinand was because they did not like an Austrian ruler ruling a Serb country thus making an act of nationalism. So that gives you a better understanding of why nationalism played a huge role in the assassination. One other major factor that played a major role in the assassination was Militarism. Militarism is the belief in having a strong army force and navy (Joll 575). This belief led to an arms race in Europe, which was when the countries were making more deadlier weapons than their rival nations. 65 million men were mobilized during WW1, and 8. 5 million were killed, 21 million were wounded, and 7. 7 million were POWs. So just over 1 in 7 soldiers were killed a further 1 in 3 were wounded and 1 in 9 were captured. So over half of all soldiers that took part were killed, wounded or captured. Britain was an island nation and thus wanted to rule the waves. militarism leads to suspicion and thus it was one of the causes. Also Eight to Ten million soldiers swallowed each other up and when they did they eat up all Europe more bare than any swarm (Engels 153). So now as you can see how militarism had a big affect on everyone in the assassination. The last factor that took place in the cause of the assassination was the alliance. The Alliance was probably the second biggest factor in the assassination because militarism was directly because of industrial revolution, and everyone had nationalism but alliances made it a world war (McCutcheon 566). Alliances drew everyone into a big fight when it should have been a internal issue. Europes major powers had been divided into the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) and the Triple Entente (Britain, France, and Russia). The alliance system did cause WWI to the extent of the size of the war by bringing and pulling countries in to the war. The triple alliance promised each country to provide military support in the case of war. When the Triple Entente was created, it did not ask for reciprocal arrangements for support, though it did allow a large variety of arrangements and negotiations to occur. One negotiation was the support in war though. Alliances pulled countries into the war because if they werent followed, a consequence of retaliation would be expected. The alliance system was a major cause of the assassination because it had produced preventable tensions, but was incapable to resolve long-term issues, and created unrealistic expectations among the countries involved. Nationalism, Militarism and Alliance were the major causes in the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. Todays and WWI conflicts are similar in a way because back then there was a major revolution in military technology, but no change in tactics, and today we have adapted our tactics to our technology. Another way todays Conflicts and WWI have similarities is there was a lot of new Technology never seen before in world war 1 like tanks, machine guns and airplanes. Today there is new technology in the war against terrors. A difference between WWI and todays conflict is that back then we were fighting nations and alliances, today we are fighting for fanatic terrorists who take no regard towards any code of honor, Its all out kill. A nation will die when all the weapons are taken away (Zola 559). Learning about WWI does help us understand about todays conflicts in many ways.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Kaleidoscope Essay -- Descriptive Essays

Kaleidoscope â€Å"Some are transformed just once / And live their whole lives after in that shape. / Others have a facility for changing themselves as they please.† -Ovid It finds its way into my hands—the small kaleidoscope—a trinket my grandfather passes along to me after finding it at the bottom of his toolbox one afternoon. â€Å"Hold it up to the light, Lauren,† he advises me, upon witnessing my attempts to unlock the kaleidoscope’s magic by aiming it towards the shadowy pavement. With hands clasped, eyes squinted, and head cocked, I finally spot the colored chips, a glittering lattice of blue, green, and yellow, stagnantly arranged and defined. â€Å"Turn it, now,† my grandfather orders, smiling. Suddenly, the clear composition unravels. It becomes a moving color war, triangles and rectangles interacting, skirting around one another to form patterns that linger only fleetingly before changing again. I gasp, intrigued. â€Å"That’s the beautiful part,† my grandfather observes. â€Å"It’s beautiful when it’s turning.† The challenge of cleaning out my desk drawers in preparation for the move to New York results in my stumbling across an old coloring book. I leaf through the pages, startled by the number of pictures I’d left only partially colored. With quick, shaky movements, it seems as if I had simply jumped from shading one image to the next, as if there were something complete about leaving the figures incomplete. Sitting at my desk, fourteen years older, I laugh at my rendition of Big Bird, whose characteristically yellow feathers I had made blue and whose feet (I suppose I had decided) were altogether undeserving of color. And yet I get a sense that thi... ... of wholeness, but the acceptance that I’ll always be a work-in-progress that creates the satisfying illusion of completeness. Although ignorant of his own words, my grandfather has gotten it right: It is beautiful when it’s turning. We, as human beings, are not able to ossify what we perceive to be our â€Å"identity†; it will be forever changing—a kind of surreal, confounding, and complex reflection of our human experience. We possess innumerable facets, like little tubes of color that remain separate until some creative force removes all the caps and mixes them together. It is that mà ©lange that initiates a masterpiece of identity—a masterpiece that is ever changing and never quite finished, but fulfilling in its progression. And it is precisely this understanding that makes the next stroke of the brush a little bit clearer, the portrait itself a bit more revealing.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Canadian law: An introduction Essay

              A person that has been convicted of crime is sentenced for three main purposes; deterrence, retribution, and protection of the public. The degree to which these three objectives are achieved is subjective since incidents that make up a case are isolated and differ. In the case of Ferguson, the accused was charged with manslaughter with a firearm. According to Canadian criminal law, the minimum penalty for this offense is 4 years’ incarceration. However, the defendant in this case got 2 and a half years conditional sentence which meant that he could enjoy his freedom to a certain extent. However, the court of appeal stepped in and restored the four year incarceration sentence that is prescribed by law (R. v. Ferguson, 2008). However, this sentence only met two the sentencing goals; deterrence and protection of the public.                  With the sentence, the accused was deterred from engaging in a vice similar to the one that he had been convicted of again. Consequently, this meant that the public was protected from the perpetrator of the crime. Viewing this goal from a logical point of view, it was achieved partly. This is because the public was only protected from the perpetrator the crime and not the crime itself hence the goal achieved was a significant reduction of the threat posed to the general public. The third goal being retribution was hardly achieved. This is because the criminal was given the minimum sentence and this was after the initial ruling was overturned by the court of appeal. This creates a mindset that there is a possibility for one to be punished rather leniently for a man-slaughter.                  Another case that can be used to examine the purposes of sentencing is the case of R. v. Readhead (R. v. Readhead, 2008). In this case, the accused was sentenced to 2 and a-half years imprisonment. Again, this case makes the matter of sentencing convicted persons, with regards to the cultivation of marijuana for trafficking purposes, subjective. This is because the scale of production may vary. In this case, the sentence that the accused was given was appropriate since it served all the three sentencing purposes. It deterred further production and circulation of the drug from this specific source, consequently protecting the public, and it also aided in the retribution of the convicted individual because the sentence served was very heavy if compared to the quantity of the drug that he was found with.               In the case of R. v. Horon, The accused was a young man that was convicted for driving under the influence. Being young, the accused showed a great potential of retribution but due to the reverence of public protection with regards to drinking and driving, a sentence was deemed necessary therefore creating a state of imbalance as to the degree to which the sentencing goals were achieved (Boyd, 319-21). In the arguments presented for this case, the judges referred to the case of R, v. Gutoski January 4, 1990 where the charge was for driving while impaired and for such a case, a sentence was necessary notwithstanding the reasons for driving while impaired due to the risk posed to the general public (Boyd, 320). In this case, the case of R. v. Horon, all the three sentencing goals were achieved only that they were a little stringent on the convict as the possibility of retribution without a sentence was overlooked. Canadian Family Law                Since the 1960’s, the Canadian family law has experienced major changes that have been depicted in the cases involving family over the years. The case of Aspe v. Aspe (Aspe v. Aspe, 2010) is one that shows how some of the changes have been effected in the family laws of Canada. The main issue in this case was spousal support. Before the 1985 divorce act was passed, spousal support as well as children support was mandatory for the man. However, the spousal support was subject to change after the 1985 act. This is because the ruling on this issue was subject to consideration as section 15.2(6) states the need for economic advantages and disadvantages to be recognized, the consequences apportioned, all for the purpose of promoting self-sufficiency (Douglas, 2001). In this case, the ruling made did not alter the spousal contribution that the court had earlier prescribed. This is because it took into consideration Mr. Aspe’s financial position and at the same time examined Ms. Aspes’s financial liabilities and determined that Mr. Aspe was in no position to increase his contribution with regards to his annual income, expenses and debts as well.               In the case of Bain v. Bain (Bain v. Bain 2008), the dominant issue was the custody of the children. The appellant wanted the terms of the custody arrangement to be revised so that they could favor both parties. According to the arrangement, the appellant had been granted access, information and visiting rights while the respondent was to house the children and care for them as prescribed in the divorce act (Douglas, 2001). However, the appellant was applying for joint custody, which was not granted by the court. In this particular case, the judge took the children’s best interests into account because the children were relatively young. This meant that the best arrangement would be for the respondent, to retain most of the custody rights but at the same time grant access to the appellant as the father of the children. On the other hand, the ruling with regards to child support was necessary since the court examined the appellant’s financial capa bilities and prescribed a contribution that would not strain him.                  The Moge v. Moge (Moge v. Moge, 1992) can be compared with that of Bain v. Bain to showcase the changes made in the Canadian family law. The parties in this case were married in the mid 1950’s and separated in 1980. The court ruled that the man was to give the ex-wife a monthly contribution of $150 as spousal and child support. At some point, the woman was laid off from her place of employment and the man had to increase his support to $400 a month. However, this ruling was overturned and the man was required to pay the initial $150. This shows that prior to the 1985 act, the criterion for determining support was the means and needs, which overlooked the other criteria stated above.                  In the case of Barkley v. Barkley (Boyd, 253), the issue raised is of same sex and heterosexual marriages and how it is treated by Canadian courts. When divorce arises in a same sex marriage, the court treats the parties similar to how they treat straight couples. However, the issue is in heterosexual marriages as is seen in this case. Mr. B argued that it was not in the best interest of Lynn’s custody to be given to her mother in full due to her sexual orientation. Mr. B argued that this would influence her negatively.                   In conclusion, the family laws in Canada have experienced changes that have impacted the rulings of cases in a major way. These changes act as a guideline to be implemented in various cases depending on the facts as presented. References Aspe v. Aspe, 2010 BCCA 508. Bain v. Bain, 2008 BCCA 49. Boyd, N. (2011).  Canadian law: An introduction. Toronto: Nelson Education. Douglas, K. (27 March, 2001). Divorce Law in Canada. Moge v. Moge, [1992] 3 S.C.R. 813.R. v. Ferguson, [2008] 1 S.C.R. 96, 2008 SCC 6.R. v. Readhead, 2008 BCCA 532. Source document

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Marketing Plan for Crown Plaza Hotels & Resorts Essay

Competition among hotel and hospitality business has increased enormously as customers are getting more educated and fashionable. They’ve been demanding more luxurious services and products which urge organisations to focus on better marketing and strategic planning. Hotels and firms now believe that personal and strong relationships with potential customers is key to competitive advantage in today’s competitive business environment. The idea of developing and upholding the relationship between customers and organisations through comprehensive marketing plans took a while. Before, organisations were more vigilant to improve their line of products and services only. Strategic Marketing planning was introduced by theorists and policy makers when they identified the need and scope of long-term relationship with individual customers and it greatly influenced the market. â€Å"How internal and external factors are essential for hotel and hospitality business and how they possibly can affect the business in positive or negative way†? To answer these questions, this research study will mainly focus on some key factors of hospitality business and they will be discussed at length in order to establish a more explicable analysis (Steven Pike, 2008). Table of contents Executive Summary2 Introduction3 Critical Evaluation and Major Findings3 Conclusion3 Recommendations3 References3 Introduction Crown Plaza Hotels & Resorts is prestigious brand of InterContinental Hotel Groups chain which operates in more than 100 countries all over the world. Crown Plaza shares its mission statement that â€Å"To create great hotels guests love† and has earned great competitive advantage over its competitors in Hotel and Hospitality business. Undoubtedly, some hotel of such prestige and luxury cannot afford to disappoint its base of customers and will keenly observe those parameters and strategies which help keep the customers revisiting the hotel. The essential need for marketing planning can be perceived though this idea and therefore this research study will incorporate the concept of strategic marketing for Crown Plaza hotel. For this, I will meticulously study the existing practices of marketing planning in Crown Plaza Hotel and carefully observe all parameters so that this study can help other hotels and the organisation itself in future (Abdullah and Zahir, 2009). To maintain competitive advantage and keep organisation out from critical business situations, Crown Plaza needs efficacious marketing plans to evaluate and determine potential risks and threats, thus devising strategies for flourishing development. The comprehensive marketing plan would facilitate Crown Plaza hotel to determine its current position among its competitors, its strengths, its weaknesses, opportunities and threats associated. The determination of weaknesses and subsequent planning to neutralize, even turning them into strengths will help organisation to meet its corporate mission (Mumel and Snoj, 2007). As hotel and Hospitality business is full of opportunities and promising business environments, Crown Plaza hotel can earn great benefits from such opportunities. And last but not least, threats and risks associated with hotel industry which can seriously damage the reputation of Crown Plaza hotel it gained through the span of time. All these circumstances provoke the need of an integrated, well-structured and analytical approach. SWOT analysis is one of the acute solutions available for critical evaluation of market needs (Anja Bà ¶hm, 2008). Broad information is required from Hotel, its competitors, its business environment and overall market to acquire a resourceful market analysis. Obviously it will require performing environmental and competitor’s analyses as well to add comprehensiveness to the study. SWOT analysis is one such tool that can easily compact and present the process of analysis by critically evaluating internal and external factors associated with Crown Plaza hotel. It will, therefore, provide combination of all results that will help Crown Plaza hotel to observe its resources and capacities against competitive and business environment in which it operates. It will also help hotel to develop generic strategies basing upon careful observation of various factors associated with it and their critical analysis. SWOT analysis is an integrated instrument which comprises key organisational and environmental attributes. Potential strategic plan development is among key objectives of SWOT analysis which examines strengths and weaknesses within the organisation (internal factors) and threats and opportunities that come along the way (external factors). The main objective of this study is to provide an essential added value to Crown Plaza’s strategic development while delivering an analysis gadget to hotel’s management to process its internal and external factors. In this regard, SWORT analysis in close vicinity of micro and macro analysis tools will serve the purpose. This assignment is furthermore aimed at analyzing valuable approaches and practices to discuss explicit issues associated with Crown plaza hotel in specific, and hotel and hospitality business in general including employee loyalty, increased sales, customer satisfaction etc (BNET Staff, 2007). Critical Evaluation and Major Findings To convey SWOT-driven analysis and marketing plan for Crown Plaza hotel, it is essential to acquire information regarding its potentials, its competitors, environment and other associated factors. The potential analysis of Crown Plaza hotel can be identified independently by analysing current market situation. This analysis could serve as valuation method for organisation to develop new range of products and services. The potential market analysis will help the Crown Plaza hotel to use its investment assets effectively. It needs to invest a handsome amount of money and resources into customer relationship management so those potential customers become loyal to brand and products. There are seven skills which can be employed by crown plaza to build a strong and long-lasting relationship with its customer base and they are; targeting, preparation, assessing, committing, connecting, solving, and last but not least managing. To â€Å"keep† customers, it is essential for hotel industry to keep track of all these eight factors which will ensure a definite success. (Keller, 2008) As far as competitors analysis is concerned, the Crown Plaza hotel has many rivals in the market thus it will require hotel’s management to keep an eye on various marketing strategies developed by its competitors and how they implemented them successfully. For example, CLASS was among successful strategic plans implemented by Ritz Carlton Hotel, principally aimed at providing the loyal customers with three basic amenities, Recognition, Personalisation and Status. These three services were core factors in success story of the Ritz. As concept of developing strategic marketing plans is directly related with customer satisfaction, the management of Crown Plaza hotel should provide a great line of products and services to satisfy its royal customers. They cannot afford to let customers suffer poor quality products and services. It won’t only be a threat to business but â€Å"culture† of the Crown Plaza hotel. For sustainable income and reputation of the hotel, the role of strategic building process is never dying and there is always a need to identify key factors upon which customer satisfaction is dependent (Saunders et al, 2009). In this regard, Recognition builds huge levels of loyalty among customers as they think of their association with one of world’s greatest hotels whenever they enter into it with a strong belief in their hearts that they are recognised. And surely they will be treated as important guests and will be provided with superior services and facilities. Personalisation is basically another giant step towards customer retention which should be aimed at providing more customized services to the customers. Services not only provided but designed according to taste of customers which they find amusing and satisfactory. A customer goes happily and is more willing to revisit if he knows that this one particular service or one particular staff members can satisfy his appetite. Lastly, the status earned by the Crown Plaza must be shared and celebrated by its loyal customers. They should not only feel the prestige whenever they step into Crown Plaza but pride themselves to be a part of it. Status is in fact the most important factor of luxury segment of world’s greatest hotels (Ferrel and Hartline, 2008) Based on SWOT analysis of internal and external environment and business factors associated with Crown Plaza including assessment of internal factors through 7S framework and 5Ms, and external factors through PESTEL analysis, following results were carried out; Internal FactorsStrengthsAspirational Hotel’s Locations all over the world, Luxury environment, PrioityClubRewards, confirmed suite upgrades, online reservations, organized hotels chain, mini bar etc. WeaknessesGlobally acknowledged strategic plan, not enough hotels as compared to associated brands, less valuable travel packages, costly packages etc. External FactorsOpportunitiesPeak tourist seasons, long-term potential growth of hotel industry, unique experience of plaza hotel in heritage hotels. ThreatsEconomic conditions, changing trends, increased competitive environment etc. All these factors can be addressed with help of a comprehensive marketing plan which is equally applicable to scattered chains of Crown Plaza hotel all over the world. Nevertheless, The Crown Plaza hotel has substantially earned a position in global hotel industry by focusing on the better relationship with customers. The policies including customized services, reward points, gift certificates, privacy concerns etc. have helped the management to retain increased amounts of profits to the organisation. These policies were formulated to engage the customers in the future and assured of their revisit (Ezinemark, 2012). Conclusion This Study not only determined those key factors but challenges that can affect Crown Plaza’s business in future. Hotel industry in 21st century cannot survive without taking care of certain parameters and in hotel industry customer satisfaction is key parameter. If you cannot satisfy your customers, your competitors will. No organisation Crown Plaza hotel has substantially earned a position in global hotel industry by focusing on the better relationship with customers. The policies including customized services, reward points, gift certificates, privacy concerns etc. have helped the management to retain increased amounts of profits to the organisation. These policies were formulated to engage the customers in the future and assured of their revisit (Smithers, 2009). Apart from luxurious services and products, that one thing Plaza customers admire most is privacy given to them. Crown Plaza has successfully managed to provide its customers with VIP suites and rooms which they find private and relaxing. More big suites were announced by management with highlighted â€Å"privacy†. This one step could actually retain maximum number of Ritz customers in the future. There are number of factors which can be contributed as weaknesses of Crown Plaza hotel. Nevertheless, these factors are generally associated with hotel industry all over the world and certain demographic and economic conditions are responsible. Crown Plaza hotel have potential to overcome such weaknesses, thus it can be accounted as powerful strength for Crown Plaza hotel in the future (Paul and Richter, 2007). Recommendations Hotel and hospitality industry contributes heavily to world’s economics and business and most basic element of this industry is its loyal customers. Any organisation failing to achieve customer retention cannot and will not survive in today’s market for sure. To serve this purpose, organisations invest unhesitatingly in strategic planning practices which ensure greatest customer satisfaction. This research study will also prove helpful contribution to hotel and hospitality industry, especially its luxury segment. The Luxury segment was picked by the researcher as its rich in culture, standards and demands higher levels of customer satisfaction. Nevertheless it will require higher level of efforts and resources to formulate research study of its kind. References Abdullah and Zahir, 2009. â€Å"Evaluation of Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) Techniques: Driver Perspective, European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems. Anja Bà ¶hm, 2008, the SWOT analysis BNET Staff. (2007). The CBS Interactive Business Network. [online] Available at: [Accessed 29th November 2012] Ezinemark, 2010. â€Å"InterContinental Hotels Group PLC – SWOT Analysis – Market Research Report On Aarkstore Enterprise† [online] Available at: [Accessed 29th November 2012] Ferrel, O. C., & Hartline, M. D. (2008). Marketing Strategy (4 ed.). South-Western. Keller, K (2008) Strategic Brand Management, 3rd Ed, New Jersey: Pearson education Inc Mumel, D. & Snoj, B. (2007). â€Å"The analysis of questionnaires for hotel guests satisfaction – comparison between Croatia and Slovenia†. 4th International Conference Global Challenges for Competitiveness: Business and Government Perspective Nadine Pahl, Anne Richter, (2007) SWOT Analysis – Idea, Methodology and A Practical Approach. GRIN Verlag. Saunders et al (2009) Research methods for business students, 5th ed. Essex: Pearson education Limited. Smithers, R (2009) Marks and Spencer launches UK’s greenest till roll, [Online] Available from < http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/apr/15/marks-and-spencer-sustainble-till- >[Accessed on 12 May 2011]. Steven pike, (2008) Destination Marketing: an Integrated Market ing Communication Approach, Elsevier Inc

Thursday, November 7, 2019

The Four Ps of proposal writing - Emphasis

The Four Ps of proposal writing The Four Ps of proposal writing People who have the gift of being able to write a persuasive proposal tend to go a long way, regardless of whether theyre in sales or the Civil Service. Yet far from being a dark art, the skill of effective proposal writing is something you can teach yourself.  In fact, theres one formula that can bring you success time and time again. We call it the Four Ps. Position This is where you should start. Establish where the client or reader is at this moment. Your proposal might well be read by several different decision-makers – at different levels – in the organisation, but this will be the one thing that has everyone in consensus from the outset. In sales, don’t begin with a long-winded introduction to your company: you’ll make a much better impression by showing you’ve taken the time and interest to get to know your prospective client. Problem Despite the name, this could be a negative or a positive. There may be a problem to address, or the opportunity of a lifetime could be in sight. All it means is making it clear that a change must be made. Salespeople: again, the focus is on them, not you – their needs, not your product. Make it clear you understand those needs, using facts and figures as appropriate. Possibilities Here you can cover all the potential routes, including taking no action, with pros and cons for each. Don’t try to gloss over any possible downsides: it could look like they haven’t occurred to you. Rise above trashing competitors by name, though you can argue the flaws of their ideas – if you know them. If there’s only one option, you won’t need this section. Proposal This is your recommended route, with your reasons for it. Be succinct and specific. Make it very clear how your proposal relates to what the client or reader has asked for. They should be left with no doubts about why they should go with you, why they should do it now and what they need to do next. Ok, so we can’t completely guarantee you a win every time. But this is always the best p-p-p-place to start. For more help perfecting your proposal writing, why not arrange an  in-house bid, tender and sales-proposal writing course for your team, or book a spot on one of our bid-writing courses for individuals?

Monday, November 4, 2019

Speech Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Speech Class - Essay Example The smoke-free laws are based on the rationale that it is fundamental to protect people from the effects of second-hand smoke and such people run the risk of diseases such as heart disease, cancer, emphysema etc. The strong evidences of the link between passive smoking and lung cancer remind everyone about the importance of controls over smoking in public places. According to Michael Calnan, â€Å"Control over smoking in public places has become of increasing importance as a measure which governments might adopt, mainly because of the attention given to the increasingly strong evidence of a link between passive smoking and lung cancer than CHD. Certainly, it is a measure that might be favored by those who place great emphasis on the freedom of the individual and who are antagonistic towards more direct government intervention through fiscal policy or controls on tobacco promotion.† (Calnan, 56) Therefore, I strongly believe that smoking in public places must be checked by stro nger governmental intervention considering the facts that it is highly harmful for non-smokers, it causes pollution of the public places, and it is a strong case of violation against individual liberty. Smoking in public places should be prohibited, because such practices illustrate strong cases of violation against individual liberty, and the public smokers not only challenges the health issues of the people around, but also the basic freedom of human beings to live a healthy life. Whereas there are already strong oppositions against such practices, I feel there should be stronger activities to counter these practices of apparent violation of basic human rights. The regulatory activities to limit smoking in public places have been on a tide over the past few decades which include a variety of both public and private sector initiatives. â€Å"More recently, antismoking efforts have been fueled by growing evidence of adverse

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Questions about Gender and Generation Management in the workplace Essay

Questions about Gender and Generation Management in the workplace - Essay Example the organisations achievement of objectives (Bagilhole & White, 2013) It helps in coordinating the various generations in the workplace because all their opinions matter and everyone’s input is valued and incorporated in the firm’s means of achieving the objectives. 2. I would prefer working with generation X due to the fact that it’s a generation made of young people who can make quick decisions and have innovative minds. Their fast decision making tendencies helps in moving the firm forward and achieving the set objectives which increases the value of the firm. Also, the innovative minds helps in coming up with new ways of doing things and processes gives the firm a competitive edge against competitors. 3. Generation Y would be most challenging to manage and lead due to the fact that it is made up of quite older people who are a bit resistant to change. Most of them get stuck with rules and procedures set earlier, and are not willing to change. This makes incorporating valuable changes in an organization difficult; and of course this means that the firm cannot move forward as fast as expected or as planned. 4. The average age for retiring from work is 60. Some of primary reasons as to why people should retire are; it is a state requirement for civil servants to retire, they are no longer as productive as before and also to concentrate on something else they had wished to do. The reasons are individual and others come from external forces like the state requirement for civil servants to retire in order to give way for other qualified citizens to get the chances to work. 5. Generation X is impatient and at the same time dismissive. Most children born during this era display a lot of impatience in most things they undertake in their day to day activities, including undertakings at school, work and even at home. They also dismiss most of the ideas offered by other people mostly the older generation including their parents and other older siblings. On the